Abstract: Objective: To develop a novel maxillary sinus floor elevation simulation model using 3D printing technology combined with silicone materials and evaluate its application in the clinical training of dentists and students. Methods: The model was fabricated using 3D printing technology to accurately replicate the anatomical structure of the maxillary sinus. An innovative design featuring an orbital floor fenestration was introduced. Through the fenestration, room-temperature vulcanized silicone materials were applied to the inner surface of the maxillary sinus, simulating the sinus membrane. The model was incorporated into the clinical training of dentists and students. Simulated surgical operations were performed, and a questionnaire-based assessment was conducted to evaluate the teaching effectiveness. Results: The simulation model successfully replicated the anatomical structure and tactile properties of the maxillary sinus. It significantly enhanced the residents’ interest in learning and improved their surgical skills, demonstrating a notable teaching effect. Conclusions: The developed simulation model exhibits excellent structural and mechanical fidelity, as well as high practicality in teaching. It provides an efficient training tool for dental education and holds substantial potential for application and promotion.

Key words: maxillary sinus floor lifting, bone augmentation, simulated maxillary sinus membrane, head-simulation model, educational research