Objective: This article reported a case of a patient with multiple caries and severe periodontitis, who underwent a comprehensive treatment by an oral general practitioner undergoing standardization training. Diagnosis and treatment: The patient visited for discoloration of the right upper anterior tooth. Before performing root canal retreatment on the complaining tooth, systemic disease should be excluded. During the disease prevention and control period, oral hygiene instruction and periodontal initial therapy was carried out first, after that, the necessity of periodontal surgical treatment was further evaluated. Tooth extraction, filling and root canal treatment was performed in this period. During the functional and aesthetic restoration period, teeth after root canal treatment, extraction and conservative treatment were repaired. During the maintenance period, the patient had good self-plaque control ability, adoped follow-up periodically, and periodontal status was monitored closely. Results: After 1 year of treatment and maintenance, the caries of the patient were well controlled, the effect of root canal treatment was stable, and the periodontal status was obviously improved. Conclusions: When patients have multiple oral diseases, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination and complexion reduction, clear treatment intention, develop orderly and standardized treatment. Meanwhile, oral hygiene instruction should be strengthened to optimize the treatment effect and long-term maintenance.

Objective: This artical reports a case in which the comprehensive sequential treatment in general dental practice solved various oral problems and helped to restore the appearance and function of the teeth with long-term stable therapeutic effect. Diagnosis and treatment: After thorough preoperative examination, clear diagnosis, and informed consent from the patient, the resident carried out comprehensive sequential oral treatment for the patient, including endodontics, periodontics, oral surgery, and prosthodontic implant restoration. Results: Immediate postoperative improvement in function and aesthetics was achieved, and the therapeutic effects remained stable after 2.5-year follow-up. Conclusions: Comprehensive sequential treatment in oral medicine is based on comprehensive and accurate examinations and case data collection, formulating a comprehensive and detailed treatment plan adapted to the patient, and then carrying out the treatment in step-by-step and phased manner. Systematic case collection is beneficial for doctor-patient communication and it also helps residents find deficiencies in standardized training, accumulate experience, and clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques.

Objective: This case reported comprehensive treatment process for an upper anterior tooth trauma with alveolar process fracture. Diagnosis and treatment: Based on the location and type of trauma to the upper anterior teeth, after clear diagnosis and informed consent from the patient, comprehensive treatments such as elastic fixation, pulpotomy, root canal therapy, composite filling, periodontal support therapy were performed. The patients received follow-up examinations at 2, 4, 5, and 6 weeks. Results: The dentin bridge formed at the cross section of the right upper central incisor after pulpotomy, and the right upper central incisor and the left upper central incisor were restored with composite. After elastic fixation, The looseness of the left upper central incisor and left upper lateral incisor were basically reduced, the integrity of the dentition was preserved, and the patient was satisfied. Conclusions: Pulpotomy has a good effect on mature permanent teeth after trauma when the pulp vitality still exists. The type of dental trauma determines the mode and time of teeth fixation. When lateral luxation occurs, endodontic intervention should be carried out as early as possible.

Objective: This case report presents a non-surgical retreatment of the tooth with chronic apical periodontitis caused by overfilling at the apex. Diagnosis and treatment: The patient’s medical history was collected and radiographic examinations were performed to confirm the diagnosis. With informed consent from the patient and guardian, non-surgical retreatment was performed on the affected tooth. Under microscopic guidance, the overfilled material was removed using the ‘weaving technique’ and microforceps. Root canal preparation and apical barrier placement were performed, followed by root canal filling and crown restoration after 14 months. Results: After 14 months, the periapical shadow had significantly reduced, the root canal filling appeared well-adapted, and the crown restoration was satisfactory. Conclusions: Non-surgical retreatment can achieve stable treatment outcomes for chronic apical periodontitis caused by overfilling, and if necessary, apical surgery can also be considered. .

Objective: This article reported a case of combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment in a patient with Angle class I malocclusion with gingivitis. Diagnosis and treatment: The patient came to the clinic with misaligned teeth, and after a clear diagnosis and the patient’s informed consent, the patient was treated with a combination of basic periodontal treatment and fixed orthodontic techniques. Basic periodontal treatment was carried out before orthodontic treatment, and after the periodontal condition was improved, the patient was treated with fixed orthodontic appliances after subtractive extractions based on multifactorial considerations, and attention was paid to the control of the support resistance during the orthodontic process. Results: After nearly two years of periodontal, orthodontic, and combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment, the patient’s teeth were aligned and occlusal relationship was significantly improved, while gingivitis was effectively controlled. Conclusion: Combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment can reduce the periodontal risk in orthodontic treatment and improve the stability of periodontal treatment, while taking into account the aesthetics of the teeth, occlusal balance, and periodontal tissue health in the diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: This paper aims to report a case of integrated digital precision treatment of crown and root in low second molar with taurodontism and C-shaped root canal system. Diagnosis and treatment: After 3D reconstruction of root canal system and assessment of periapical lesions by dental Cone-beam Computed Tomography(CBCT), the definitive diagnosis was achieved. Obtaining the informed consent of the patient, micro-root canal retreatment and chairside computer aided design/computer aided manufacture(CAD/CAM) technique were performed. Results: After one-year follow-up, the patient had no symptoms. CBCT showed that the low second molar root obturation was filled in three dimensions, and the bone density in the apical area increased. Conclusions: Taurodontism of mandibular second molar with C-shaped root canal is rare and difficult to treat. In this case, the root canal system and periapical lesion were analyzed by preoperative CBCT 3D reconstruction. During the operation, dental microscope was used for step-by-step magnification and excellent lighting function to achieve accurate positioning of the root canal opening and visual operation. After retreatment, CAD/CAM technique realized the concept of crown and root integration, which combined the crown design with the characteristics of the root canal system, and finally achieved long-term stable clinical treatment effect.

Objective: This case reports an application of combined internal and external bleaching technique on devitalized maxillary anterior teeth with intrinsic discoloration to materialize the aesthetic need of the patient. Diagnosis and treatment: 3 treatment courses of internal/external bleaching were performed on the nonvital maxillary anterior tooth using 36% hydrogen peroxide gel after obtaining specific diagnosis and written informed consent of the patient, following with resin restoration. The patient was followed up 4 and 10 months after the treatment. Results: After 3 treatment courses of internal/external bleaching, the discolor has been corrected. The following-up 4, 10 months after the treatment showed stable color maintenance, and the color of the resin was compatible with the bleached tooth. Conclusions: Combined internal and external bleaching technique can be a minimally invasive option for discolored nonvital teeth to reach satisfying aesthetic effect.

Objective: To establish and evaluate a multi-dimensional teaching mode of continuing education in general dentistry, which introduced video teaching and micro-video courses on the basis of traditional teaching mode. Methods: A total of 18 continuing education students in the 2022 and 2023 grades of general dentistry were enrolled. We evaluated the rationality of the training course through a survey questionnaire, and learning outcomes through theoretical and operational exams. Results: All students believed that the content arrangement of the preclinical training courses was reasonable, and 83.33% thought it was completely reasonable. The teaching effectiveness of video teaching and micro-video courses was recognized. At the end of the preclinical training, there was a significant improvement in both theoretical and operational performance, with a statistically significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusions: The preclinical training course with multi-dimensional teaching mode can significantly improve the theoretical knowledge and operation level of general dentists.