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31 January 2024, Volume 27 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Application of Stereo Geometry and Surveying in Prosthodontics Haiyang Yu, Tian Luo, Jikui Sun, Yuwei Zhao, Danxue Li, Yang Yang, Shanshan Gao 2024, 27(1):  1-6.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.001 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (2992KB) ( 64 )   The digital technology has been continuously integrated into the work of prosthodontics, medical teaching and research, and the gradually formed digital prosthodontics which has always been a frontier hotspot in international stomatology community. From the view of result, the production of oral prosthesis represented by the specialty of oral medicine technology has been relatively mature through the introduction of increasingly perfect computer-aided design and manufacturing in the past ten years; however, in the clinical part, in addition to the use of some digital means in the analysis and design stages such as digital mouth scan, face scan, virtual aesthetic analysis design and jaw trajectory tracing, most operations, especially irreversible operations, are still based on empirical analogy models, and their digitalization is far from mature in part. However, the general lack of three-dimensional geometry analysis, transfer and verification for the target restoration space in the clinic is the bottleneck that restricts the overall progress of oral digital restoration, and the root cause is that we have not really followed the three-dimensional geometry to form the precise logical foundation necessary for digital restoration. Therefore, this paper will focus on the concept of stereogeometric quantities in oral prosthodontics and its typical characterization in the edge region of restoration, and summarize the disciplinary characteristics and future prospects of digital prosthodontics under the current stage of weak artificial intelligence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancements in Digital Technology for the Rehabilitation of Severely Worn Dentition Bixia Deng, Siyu Li 2024, 27(1):  7-12.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.002 Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (1665KB) ( 37 )   Severe worn dentition is a common dental disease characterized by the erosion of tooth surfaces. For patients with severe tooth wear, occlusal reconstruction is an effective treatment method. With the rapid development of digital technology, digital occlusal reconstruction has become a research focus in biomedical engineering. It plays a crucial role in oral scanning and analysis, crown restoration design and manufacturing, occlusal analysis, and treatment planning. Digital methods not only improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis and reduce misdiagnosis rates but also provide more personalized treatment options for patients. However, the practical application of digital methods still faces technical, ethical, and legal challenges. Therefore, this review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding and reference framework for applying digital methods in cases of severe tooth wear rehabilitation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Progress in Digital Prosthesis for Maxillary Defect Xiaoyu Gu, Xinquan Jiang 2024, 27(1):  13-18.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.003 Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (2043KB) ( 32 )   Maxillary defect is the most common type of oral and maxillofacial defect, while the traditional method to make prostheses by molding and hand processing is complicated and the effect is unsatisfying. Digital technology serves a new way of rehabilitation of maxillary defects. The research of different scholars has proposed different digital implementation methods, which have greatly improved the production process and clinical effect of the prostheses. Digital technology has become one of the most important development directions for rehabilitation of maxillary defects. In this study, we used Wanfang Data Platform and PubMed database to retrieve articles on digital prosthesis for maxillary defects, including digital model acquisition, three-dimensional design of the prostheses, digital fabrication of the prostheses and digital implant-assisted rehabilitation for maxillary defects. The contents included the joint application of various new technologies and new design concepts, as well as the clinical attempt to make prostheses using new materials. With a multidisciplinary approach, the comprehensive concept of shape and function reconstruction promises a new development direction for digital rehabilitation of maxillary defects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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5 Years Failure Rate of Intraoral Scanning and Traditional Impression in Fixed Restoration Zhiqiang Xu, Bin Wang, Di Jin, Qianju Wu, Yun Xiao 2024, 27(1):  19-23.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.004 Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (3144KB) ( 38 )   Objective: By comparing the failure rate of fixed restorations made by intraoral scanning and traditional impression in Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College over the past 5 years, the study provides a reference for wide clinical application of intraoral scanning. Materials and methods: Acquiring the laboratory orders for porcelain fused to metal (PFM) full crowns and all-ceramic crowns over the past 5 years, including failed orders that required re-production for various reasons. Dividing them into intraoral scanning and traditional impression groups, while each group was subdivided into PFM and all-ceramic crown groups. The failure rate was calculated separately, followed by statistical analysis (chi-square test). At the same time, the data of the past 5 years was divided into 5 groups in chronological order, and the laboratory orders and failure rates of intraoral scanning and traditional impression of each group were calculated. Results: A total of 50347 laboratory orders were collected, including 22619 orders for traditional impression group (14356 PFM and 8263 all-ceramic crown), and 27728 orders for intraoral scanning group (6303 PFM and 21425 all-ceramic crown). The total failure rate was 5.06%, of which the failure rate of the intraoral scanning group was 4.01%, while 6.35% for traditional one. The failure rate of the intraoral scanning group in the PFM group was 2.98%, and the traditional impression group was 5.58%. In the all-ceramic crown group, the failure rate of the intraoral scanning group was 4.32%, while 7.68% for traditional one. In the past five years, the traditional impression laboratory orders have been decreasing, while the failure rate showed a slight downward trend. The intraoral scanning laboratory orders have increased yearly, and the failure rate has shown a significant downward trend. Conclusions: Based on the limited data of our hospital over the past 5 years, the research shows that intraoral scanning has a higher success rate in fixed restoration than traditional impression, and could be widely used in clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Functional Precise Restoration of Multiple Anterior Teeth Assisted by a Digital Jaw Motion Analysis System Jiaxin Li, Xinran Liu, Yuan Yue, Min Wang, Liang Hao 2024, 27(1):  24-32.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.005 Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (14165KB) ( 40 )   Objective: This case reports a functional precise restoration of multiple anterior teeth through mandibular motion analysis with a digital jaw motion analysis system. Diagnosis and treatment: The patient’s pre-restorative mandibular movement was analyzed using a digital jaw motion analysis system, and based on that, an evaluation of existing restoration problems was done, followed by designing a diagnostic wax-up. After the provisional restoration, the data on mandibular movement was re-measured to assess its conformance with the design. After three months, the definitive restoration was performed, and the digital jaw motion analysis system was utilized once again. Results: After the definitive restoration, the prostheses had good edge suitability and proximal contact, excellent occlusal contact and mandibular functional movement were also achieved. Conclusions: Preoperative design, intraoperative adjustment and postoperative verification were achieved based on accurate data of mandibular movement obtained by a digital jaw motion analysis system, promising good anterior guidance in multiple anterior teeth restoration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Transitional Anterior Tooth Restoration using Digital Technology Jieting Li, Wenhao Zhu, Lin Wang 2024, 27(1):  33-43.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.006 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (19177KB) ( 54 )   Objective: In this paper, a case of pre-orthodontic transitional anterior tooth restoration using digital technology will be reported, hoping to provide a new idea for the long-term application of transitional restoration materials and technology selection. Diagnosis and treatment: A 28-year-old female patient presented with hot and cold pain in her right upper anterior teeth for 5 days and a need for aesthetic reconstruction of her upper anterior teeth. After the symptoms were relieved by root canal therapy, aesthetic repair was designed and a combined orthodontic and repair treatment plan was developed. Through digital technology, CAD/CAM polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin was used to carry out transitional repair in the anterior tooth region to ensure the durable use of the temporary prosthesis, and the data could be saved for re-repair. Results: One year after the transitional restoration, the restoration was complete, the aesthetic effect was stable, and the periodontal shaping effect was good. Conclusions: CAD/CAM polymethyl methacrylate resin can be used as a transitional repair material in pre-orthodontic aesthetic area, and digital transitional repair is beneficial to subsequent orthodontic treatment and aesthetic repair design. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Orthodontic-restorative Treatment with Occlusal Reconstruction for A Patient with Tooth Wear: A Case Report Jingxin Zhang, Jiuhong Deng, Xin Xiong, Shanshan Gao 2024, 27(1):  44-62.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.007 Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (34238KB) ( 74 )   Objective: This article reports a case of a patient with severely worn tooth and abnormal occlusal relationship who underwent orthodontic-restorative treatment combined with occlusal resonstrucion. Diagnosis and treatment: The patient’s teeth were severely worn and the occlusal relationship was abnormal. After collecting preoperative information and patient wishes, clarifying the diagnosis and treatment, and obtaining his informed consent, the patient accepted combined orthodontic and restorative treatment. The patient underwent orthodontic treatment first, which aligned the dentition and harmonized the dental arch. However, due to the loss of tooth morphology, orthodontic treatment is unable to restore stable jaw position. Digital temporary restoration helped to stabilize the jaw relationship and to restore occlusal function. After adaptation for the jaw relationship, digital technology was utilized to accurately transfer the jaw relationship and perform the final restoration. Results: The patient’s dental function was reconstructed and the jaw relationship was stable, at the same time, the aesthetics of the face and teeth was improved. Conclusions: Functionally oriented, the orthodontic-restorative treatment combined with occlusal reconstruction and digital technology can play a role in stabilizing the jaw relationship in patients with tooth wear, ultimately reconstructing the oral and maxillofacial function and improving patient’s aesthetics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Digital Technology Assisted Occlusion Reconstruction in A Patient with Cleft Lip and Palate Fan Yang, Min Liu, Modi Heng, Qiao Wang, Shimin Wang, Xuenan Liu, Yuan Zhu, Feilong Wang, Yunjiao He, Man Li, Yunsong Liu 2024, 27(1):  63-72.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.008 Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (16818KB) ( 34 )   Objective: To present a challenging case of occlusal reconstruction assisted by digital technology in a patient with cleft lip and palate under the guidance of six-stage principle. Diagnosis and treatment: The diagnosis and treatment plan were confirmed following a comprehensive examination. The vertical dimension was adjusted using a maxillary full dentition stable occlusal plate. First of all, polymethyl methacrylate prosthesis was fabricated for temporary repair. Then, the formal restorations were designed by replicating the surface morphology of the temporary prosthesis after physiological abrasion and adaptation, and then were made with monolithic zirconia. In the end, a removable partial denture was fabricated to achieve aesthetic and functional reconstruction. Results: After restoration, the patient demonstrated a satisfactory occlusal relationship, along with an improvement in the upper lip’s fullness. Upon one-year follow-up, the patient’s occlusal function and periodontal status remained stable. Conclusions: The application of the six-stage principle and digital technology facilitated the safe and personalized promotion of occlusal reconstruction in clinical setting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique and Its Processing Technique for the Restoration of Anterior Residual Crown: A Case Report Yunong Chen, Xianfang Zhang, Yuchen Wu, Manli Zhou 2024, 27(1):  73-80.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.009 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (12824KB) ( 23 )   Objective: This study aims to investigate the advantages of biologically oriented preparation technique and its processing technique in the restoration of residual crown. Diagnosis and treatment: In a case about restoration of residual crown in upper anterior tooth, the tooth preparation was conducted by using biologically oriented preparation technique. A dental crown with a smooth zirconia neck was processed by improved crown processing technique which recorded gingival profile through artificial gingiva. And this final restoration was placed in the patient’s mouth. Results: The final crown restoration had good margin fit and realistic color. Follow-up at 3 and 6 months after treatment respectively, the position of gingiva was stable and the periodontal tissue was healthy. The residual crown of the upper anterior tooth was successfully restored with aesthetically pleasing and stable outcome. Conclusions: The combination of biologically oriented preparation technique and high-quality crown processing technique can lead to favorable clinical restoration outcomes of residual crowns. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Complete Denture Repair after Dual-waved Laser Combined Treatment of Epulis Fissuratum Ning Zhao, Ni Kou, Qinghua Liu, Shuang Liu, Hailing Wang, Changchang Wang, Shuhai Hu, Xiaojie Li 2024, 27(1):  81-87.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.010 Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (9416KB) ( 46 )   Objective: To explore the surgical method of dual-wavelength laser combined treatment of epulis and evaluate the clinical effect of complete denture repair after operation. Diagnosis and treatment: Oral examination was performed on a 68-year-old female patient with dentition loss to clarify the treatment plan. The lesion was removed in stages and vestibular sulcus deepening surgery was performed by Er: YAG, Nd : YAG laser physiotherapy and after wound healing complete denture repair was performed. Results: The operation was carried out smoothly, and the masticatory function and aesthetics of the complete denture were restored after good recovery. No recurrence of soft tissue hyperplasia was found during 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: Dual-wavelength laser combined treatment of epulis can shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative bleeding, promote wound healing, and avoid suture requirements. It can meet the requirements of postoperative repair and provide important reference value for the choice of treatment methods for oral soft tissue lesions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Digital Intraoral Scanning Technology in Practical Teaching of Dental Preparation Chaoyang Wang, Yiru Wang, Jianhao Xu, Songwen Deng, Xiaoling Chen 2024, 27(1):  88-93.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.011 Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (3202KB) ( 56 )   Objective: Stomatology is a highly practical course, and the application of digital technology brings new opportunities to the teaching of dentistry. The aim of this study was to explore the application of digital technology in the standardized training of resident dentists in prosthodontics. Methods: This experiment focused on 45 resident trainees who participated in standardized training for resident dentists at the Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and they were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group received traditional theoretical teaching and operational demonstration, while the experimental group teachers used digital intraoral scanning technology to guide the tooth preparation of porcelain fused to metal crown. The quality of tooth preparation was evaluated with five aspects: posture, edge shape, point line angle, degree of aggregation, and preparation amount. Results: There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the experimental group (92.26±2.97)and the control group (89.91±4.20) in the performance of the full crown tooth preparation assessment. Conclusions: Digitally guided teaching of tooth preparation of porcelain fused to metal crown can effectively improve students’ learning initiative, mastery and application of theoretical knowledge, clinical thinking and practical abilities, and provide foundation for ultimately cultivating resident dentists with excellent clinical job competence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Utility of A Virtual Simulation System for Crown Preparation in General Dentistry Residency Training Programs Kun Qian, Bingqing Li, Rong Yang, Wei Yong 2024, 27(1):  94-98.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.012 Abstract ( 39 )   PDF (2415KB) ( 23 )   Objective: To study the effects of a virtual simulation training system on the performance of crown preparation by residents with different clinical experiences in a general dentistry training program, and investigate the residents’ feedbacks and suggestions for future improvement of the simulation system. Methods: A total of 22 residents from the General Dentistry Department in Peking University School of Stomatology were enrolled in the study. A before-and-after comparison design was used to assess the effects of the simulation system on porcelain fused to metal crow preparations of an incisor. Performance scores of the crown preparations were compared between the experienced and inexperienced groups, and before and after the simulation training in both groups. A questionnaire was used by the participants to provide feedbacks and suggestions. Results: Before the simulation training, there was a significant difference between the two groups in crown preparation scores (46.60±13.28 for the inexperienced group, 65.53±4.80 for the experienced group, P=0.000). After the training, the difference in crown preparation scores between the two groups were greatly reduced and such difference was no longer statistically significant (72.94±1.96 for the inexperienced group, 75.10±6.01 for the experienced group, P=0.437). Residents generally believed that this virtual simulation training system improved clinical performance. However, the accuracy of the simulation system needed to be improved. Conclusions: The virtual simulation training system can improve the level of crown preparation by residents. We propose that the simulation system will be used routinely in general dentistry residency training programs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Teaching Practice of Digital Technology Courses in Fixed Prosthodontics Bo Yang, Tao Yang, Xiaoyi Deng, Danying Chen, Lingxiang Liao, Linhan Shen, Ling Li, Xiaolan Li, Yun Hong, Wei Teng, Yan Wang, Ling Yang 2024, 27(1):  99-105.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.013 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (15724KB) ( 28 )   Objective: To explore the teaching mode of digital technology in fixed prosthodontics to improve teaching quality and promote curriculum construction. Methods: A series of training courses on digital technology in fixed prosthodontics were set and carried out in three stages from theoretical teaching, experimental teaching to clinical practice, respectively. The teaching effect was analyzed combined with teachers’ evaluation and students’ feedback. Results: The results of scanning scores showed that the students had good overall mastery of scanning technology. According to the teaching feedback, the students had strong interest in the theory, experimental and practice courses on digital technology and had a good grasp of its knowledge and skills. Conclusions: The teaching model of digital technology in fixed prosthodontics from theory to practice has been basically established and achieved initial success. It is worthy of promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Integrated Design and Implementation of the Postgraduate Course Centered on Functional Restoration of Oral and Maxillofacial Defects Jing Wang, Jing Yuan, Lulu Xu, Yanan Li 2024, 27(1):  106-110.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.014 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (1647KB) ( 23 )   Objective: To improve and enhance postgraduate teaching methods and effects through the integration of courses centered on functional restoration of oral and maxillofacial defects. Methods: In 2020, according to the teaching idea of functional restoration of oral and maxillofacial defects, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital studied and decided to carry out the teaching reform and exploration of curriculum integration, then, a new curriculum was designed, planned and implemented in 2021. The teaching contents which included new technologies and progress, were integrated into two modules, one was masticatory function and appearance recovery, the other was speeching, swallowing and sucking function recovery. Results: After the course was integrated, the students’ understanding and relevance of the teaching contents, the satisfaction of teaching mode were significantly improved, and the difference was significant (P<0.01). The results of teaching assessment were also significantly improved, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions: The integrated modular teaching practice was carried out smoothly, the teaching effects were improved significantly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Three-level Progressive Teaching in Fixed Prosthodontics Teaching Xueling Li, Xiangxia Li, Xue Xiao, Yun Hong, Yanshan Li, Ling Yang 2024, 27(1):  111-116.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2024.01.015 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (2109KB) ( 35 )   Objective: To explore the practical effect of the three-stage progressive teaching mode in fixed prosthesis teaching, and to provide reference for teaching innovation. Methods: The three-stage progressive teaching mode, lecture based learning-case based leaning-virtual simulation based learning, had carried out as teaching innovation on fixed prosthesis course for undergraduates. The effect of the teaching mode was evaluated by questionnaire survey and students’ achievements. Results: The three-stage progressive teaching mode was highly recognized by students and the students’ achievements under the new teaching mode were higher than those under the traditional teaching. Preliminary results were obtained to show that the new teaching mode had enabled students to connect theory with practice, which not only cultivated their clinical thinking but also improved their operation skills and clinical competence. Conclusions: The three-stage progressive teaching mode is helpful to improve the teaching efficiency and teaching effect of fixed prosthesis course. References | Related Articles | Metrics