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30 November 2023, Volume 26 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research Status of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Detection of Metabolites in Brain Fengwei Zhang 2023, 26(6):  433-437.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.001 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (737KB) ( 17 )   Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is a non-invasive imaging method to detect metabolite content in the brain, plays an important role in the clinical assessment of neurological diseases. Abnormal metabolite levels may cause neurological diseases. This paper reviews the research status and some clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the detection of metabolites in brain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Yanli Zhang, Zhoupeng Zheng 2023, 26(6):  438-441.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.007 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (699KB) ( 74 )   Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the common postoperative complications, which seriously affects the comfort and satisfaction of patients. Although there have been many relevant studies, there is no uniform conclusion on its mechanism, prevention and treatment. Therefore, this paper reviews the possible mechanism, related risk factors, prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and provides references for clinical work. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Lung Protection Yun Liu, Xudong Yang 2023, 26(6):  442-448.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.011 Abstract ( 27 )   PDF (832KB) ( 5 )   Previous studies have shown that dexmedetomidine（DEX） can bind to adrenergic receptor (AR) α2, have sedative, analgesic, sympathetic effects, and reduce various lung injuries by anti-inflammatory, oxidative stress and regulate apoptosis and autophagy. A detailed and comprehensive review will be conducted around the lung protective effect of DEX. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Trigeminal Nerve Block in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Xiaodong Wang, Xudong Yang, Yun Liu 2023, 26(6):  449-453.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.009 Abstract ( 38 )   PDF (1163KB) ( 29 )   Postoperative pain is a common adverse effect in maxillofacial surgery. At present, multimodal analgesia is the preferred way to solve postoperative pain and to improve postoperative rehabilitation, which includes many types of analgesic drugs as well as nerve block. Trigeminal nerve block is the one of nerve block in maxillofacial surgery. This article will review the characteristics of postoperative pain in maxillofacial surgery and trigeminal nerve block, with a special focus on the application of ultrasound technology in nerve block. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Up-to-Date Sedation and Analgesia Practice for Dental Treatment Yun Liu, Xudong Yang 2023, 26(6):  454-458.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.002 Abstract ( 43 )   PDF (1054KB) ( 36 )   How to eliminate the pain of fear of patients oral disease treatment has drawn attention of dental and anesthesia professionals across the country. The field of oral sedation and analgesia involves multiple disciplines, clinical practice and in-depth research need to be strengthened. Based on the literature and clinical practice of oral sedation and analgesia, the author summarize the progress of oral sedation and analgesia in recent years, in order to promote the development of oral sedation and analgesia in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Study of Drugs Commonly Used for Procedural Sedation in Dental Clinics Feng Gao, Cong Yu 2023, 26(6):  459-466.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.006 Abstract ( 27 )   PDF (956KB) ( 18 )   Dental fear is drawing increasing attention in dental care, and procedural sedation is now considered the standard sedation management for dental patients receiving diagnosis and treatment outside the operating room. It is essential to improve patient satisfaction and quality of care. This article briefly summarizes the research advances in methods and medications commonly used for procedural sedation in dentistry, with the aim to contribute to the implementation of procedural sedation in dental clinics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preoperative Risk Evaluation for Children with Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Dental Treatment Under General Anesthesia Lin Luo, Linlin Jiang, Ran Yang, Yang Ji 2023, 26(6):  467-473.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.004 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (814KB) ( 15 )   Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital diseases in children, and it shows a great influence on the safety of general anesthesia. Perioperative management of pediatric patients with CHD are much more difficult than normal pediatric patients. After literature review, the objective of this article is to provide an updated review on current preoperative risk evaluation of pediatric patients with CHD coming for pediatric dentistry. The results of the literature review show that perioperative risk of children with CHD is related to the type and severity of CHD. Symptoms, physical signs, laboratory examinations, advice from cardiovascular specialists, must be comprehensively considered before dental treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Anesthetics on Immune Function in Patients with Tumor Lili Huang, Tiejun Zhang 2023, 26(6):  474-478.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.010 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (1180KB) ( 21 )   The immune system is classically divided into innate and adaptive components, which play an important role in the host’s resistance to pathogens and tumor invasion. A large number of studies have attempted to understand the effects of anesthetics on immune function. The most commonly used anesthetic agents were chosen in this review including volatile agents, intravenous agents, opioids, and local anesthetics. Each has unique effect on the immune system. Specific treatment strategies need to be developed to improve short and long term surgical outcomes for patients with malignant tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Monitored Anesthesia Care Management for Removal of Subglottic Foreign Body in Children Huiping Bai, Jianjun Li 2023, 26(6):  479-483.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.005 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (1297KB) ( 25 )   Objective: This study explores the key management points of monitored anesthesia care (MAC) for the removal of subglottic foreign body in children, while preserving autonomous respiration. Diagnosis and treatment: Preoperative electronic laryngoscopy was performed to confirm the presence of foreign body below the glottis. The MAC anesthesia method, which preserves autonomous respiration instead of traditional general anesthesia, was adopted for the removal procedure under direct laryngoscopic visualization. Results: The anesthesia procedure did not cause respiratory depression, and the foreign bodies were successfully removed. The patient recovered well and was discharged after two days of surgery. Conclusions: For diagnosed subglottic foreign body, strict pre-anesthetic assessment, establishment of alternative anesthesia plans, and close monitoring during and after the procedure support the efficacy of MAC anesthesia, which preserves autonomous respiration, in children undergoing foreign body removal under direct laryngoscopic visualization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Apneic Oxygenation for Difficult Airway Management in Anesthetic Induction of Mandibular Fracture Patient: A Case Report Ziqi Sun, Cunxian Shi, Jiahai Ma, Jin Jin 2023, 26(6):  484-488.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.013 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (2787KB) ( 20 )   Objective: This article reported the application of apneic oxygenation for difficult airway management in anesthetic induction of a mandibular fracture patient. Diagnosis and treatment: The patient faced challenges in preoperative airway management, including difficult tracheal intubation and the risk of aspiration and regurgitation. In this case, the article discussed the use of apneic oxygenation technique during the preoperative period. Results: Transnasal high flow oxygen inhalation through a nasal cannula was applied for preoxygenation, enabling a successful rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Conclusions: This approach extended the patient’s safe apnea time, avoiding the need for awake tracheal intubation or a tracheostomy. It not only reduced the patient’s discomfort but also enhanced safety and comfort during the induction of general anesthesia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral Treatment Under General Anesthesia for a Child with Craniofacial Developmental Malformations and Early Childhood Caries: a Case Report Peijuan Wang, Bing Liu, Yufei Wu, Baize Zhang, Hui Zhang 2023, 26(6):  489-498.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.008 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (9698KB) ( 49 )   Objective: This case report describes a child with craniofacial developmental malformations and early childhood caries who was treated with oral comfort under general anesthesia. Diagnosis and treatment: After making a clear diagnosis and obtaining the informed consent of the family members, the patient's facial development abnormalities and airway conditions were thoroughly evaluated, general anesthesia induction was performed under full anesthesia preparation, unexpected situations occurred during intubation were timely handled, and the dental decay treatment, lipid adhesion repair, root canal treatment, preformed metalcrown placement, space retainer placement, and flouride treatment comfort oral treatment were successfully completed. Results: Fifteen teeth were treated in a single session, with a surgical duration of 100 minutes and anesthesia duration of 130 minutes. Follow-up phone calls were conducted at 24 and 48 hours after discharge, during which the patient reported no discomfort. The family of the patient expressed a high level of satisfaction with a visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 10. Conclusions: General anesthesia with ‘8-step anesthesia management’ as the core can assist children caries treatment to achieve the two goals of safety and comfort. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multidimensional Considerations of Individualized Plans for Oral Comfort Therapy Bing Liu, Hui Zhang 2023, 26(6):  499-504.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.014 Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (1026KB) ( 50 )   The personalized protocol of comfort care in dentistry has become a challenge for doctors due to the wide range of diverse dental procedures. This article combines indicator of sedation need（IOSN）and the years of experience in the author’s department and summarizes the pyramid model for personalized protocol of comfort care in dentistry. The main content of this model from bottom to top includes: evaluation, correspondence, cornerstone, and goal. Evaluation includes physical condition, anxiety level, pharyngeal sensitivity, and treatment content. Corresponding contains three items, degree corresponding to depth, time corresponding to administration, and treatment corresponding to airway. The cornerstone is safety and pain relief, and comfort as the ultimate goal. This model provides a reference for the personalized protocol of comfort care in dentistry, with the aim of improving patient satisfaction and the quality and efficiency of comfort care in dentistry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Blended Online and Offline Teaching Based on the Concept of Flipped Classroom in the Teaching of Non-anesthesia Majors in the Anesthesia Department Zhi Wang, Li-na Zhang, Ting Wu, Xu Pan, Le Li, Xin Yang, Miao Zhang, Ying Liu, Peng-tao Su 2023, 26(6):  505-510.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.012 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (945KB) ( 38 )   Objective: Exploring the application value of blended online and offline teaching based on the flipped classroom concept in the teaching of non-anesthesia majors in the anesthesia department. Methods: Select 22 non-anesthesia majors each who interned in the Department of Anesthesiology at Xi’an Jiaotong University Stomatological Hospital within two years, they were divided into an observation group (2022) and a control group (2021), according to whether they accept blended online and offline teaching based on the flipped classroom concept.Compare the theoretical and operational scores, assessment status of tracheal intubation out of the department, operational efficiency, satisfaction scores, and interest rates of the two groups of students in the field. Results: Compare the theoretical and operational scores, assessment status of tracheal intubation out of the department, operational efficiency, satisfaction scores, and interest rates of the two groups of students in the field. Compared with the control group, the observation group showed significantly higher theoretical and operational scores, as well as a one-time success rate of tracheal intubation during outpatient visits, shorter operating time, and higher satisfaction scores and interest rates compared to the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions: Based on the concept of flipped classroom, online and offline blended teaching can improve the admission performance of non-anesthesia major students in the anesthesia department, increase the success rate of nerve block and improve operational efficiency, student satisfaction, and interest rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of the Application of SIMROID Robot in the Training of Anesthesia for Dental Student Xu Wang, Bin Xia, Yidan Guo. Jing Tian, Xijun Jiang, Shi Yu, Jing Li 2023, 26(6):  511-516.  DOI: 10.12337/zgkqjxjyzz.2023.06.003 Abstract ( 47 )   PDF (1390KB) ( 32 )   Objective: This paper introduces a training assessment and scoring system that uses SIMROID robot’s human-computer interaction function to model the reception process, and completes the preliminary evaluation by means of questionnaire. Methods: Based on the extraction of retained incisors under local infiltration anesthesia in a 6-year-old child, a human-computer interaction doctor-patient communication and behavior management script was compiled, and the robot’s response and corresponding head and hand movements were introduced into the SIMROID robot. After traditional teaching in the classroom to explain the doctor-patient communication and behavior management of pediatric stomatology, 82 fourth-year medical students of the Stomatology of Peking University were randomly divided into robot group (experimental group) and peer practice group (control group), and then the two groups were exchanged. At the end of the internship, students fill out a questionnaire to evaluate the two teaching modes. Results: Students believed that there was still a certain gap between the appearance of the robot and the real person (P<0.001), but the robot performed better when simulating clinical emergencies (P=0.001), and the use of peer communication was more able to take into account the patient’s pain perception (P=0.001). Conclusion: This project uses SIMROID robot to complete the establishment of ‘standard patient’ during local anesthesia of oral infiltration in children, tries a new way of situational clinical thinking training, doctor-patient communication and behavior management teaching, evaluates the acceptance of students in the new teaching mode and the traditional teaching mode, and lays a foundation for further development and promotion of robot simulation clinical teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics